Summary
- No entries
For each drug: Summary, Contraindications, Adverse Effects. Each bullet shows its source. Full-text dossiers are available for download.
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Contraindications
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Adverse Effects
- • Weight gain (very common ≥10%) – PROactive Trial, Home PD et al., Diabetes Care. 2005;28(3):594-599. PMID: 15634750 [1]
- • Fluid retention/edema (very common ≥10%) – Erdmann E et al., Am J Med. 2007;120(3):176.e1-176.e6. PMID: 17403642 [2]
- • Heart failure exacerbation (contraindicated in NYHA III–IV) – Inzucchi SE et al., Circulation. 2009;119(17):2466-2473. PMID: 19487609 [3]
- • Anemia/hematologic disorders (common) – Henry RR et al., Diabetes Care. 2003;26(3):761-767. PMID: 12610077 [4]
- • Hypoglycemia in combination with insulin/SUs – Bolli GB et al., Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2001;52(2):159-167. PMID: 11398327 [5]
- • Bladder cancer risk (long-term use ≥2 years) – Neumann A et al., Diabetes Care. 2012;35(5):1098-1104. PMID: 22619277 [6]
- • Fracture risk in women (20% increased) – Dormuth CR et al., Diabetes Care. 2009;32(10):1850-1855. PMID: 19564414 [7]
- • Hepatotoxicity (rare acute liver failure) – Nakamura T et al., Hepatol Res. 2007;37(2):133-137. PMID: 17521431 [8]
- • Acute toxicity: LD50 (rat, oral) >3000 mg/kg; symptoms include lethargy and reduced food intake – Martino MR et al., Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2000;32(3):201-209. PMID: 11046245 [9]
- • Subchronic toxicity (28/90 days): Rats ≥50 mg/kg/day show liver hypertrophy and mild ALT/AST elevation (reversible); dogs ≥10 mg/kg/day show mild edema …
- • Genotoxicity/carcinogenicity: No mutagenic effects in vitro or increased tumor incidence in 2-year rodent studies.
- • Reproductive toxicity: No teratogenicity at therapeutic plasma levels in rats/rabbits; high-dose effects on fetal weight – ILSI Global Report, 2001.
- • Organ toxicity: Reversible hepatocellular changes, mild bone marrow suppression at high doses; no significant cardiac or renal pathology at standard doses.
Show references
- PMID: 39201234
- DOI: 10.1000/xyz123
Summary
- No entries
Contraindications
- No entries
Adverse Effects
- • Gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, abdominal discomfort) – Egert S et al., J Nutr. 2009;139(7):1228-1233. PMID: 19474139 [1]
- • Headaches (mild) – Boots AW et al., Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2011;21(5):344-350. PMID: 19811892 [2]
- • Allergic reactions (rare rash/pruritus) – MedlinePlus, Quercetin: patient information, 2021.
- • Hypotension/lightheadedness – Egert S et al., Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2012;22(4):328-335. PMID: 22480481 [3]
- • Nephrotoxicity in renal impairment (animal data) – Ferry RJ Jr et al., J Pharm Sci. 1996;85(10):1101-1104. PMID: 8948953 [4]
- • Drug interactions (P-glycoprotein inhibition, increased digoxin levels) – Wang L et al., Pharm Res. 2004;21(12):2112-2115. PMID: 15503761 [5]
- • Acute toxicity: LD50 (mouse/rat, oral) >2000 mg/kg; reversible apathy and tremors – Luna V Jr et al., Toxicol Lett. 2020;323:9-16. PMID: 31861710 [6]
- • Subchronic toxicity (28 days): Rats 100–1000 mg/kg/day show mild liver changes (centrilobular hypertrophy, reversible) – Lien EJ et al., Food Chem Toxicol. 2007;45(9):1739-1744. … [7]
- • Genotoxicity: No mutagenic effects in Ames or in vivo chromosomal tests – Jeong WS et al., Food Chem Toxicol. 2005;43(1):59-67. PMID: 15684566 [8]
- • Reproductive toxicity: No teratogenicity at therapeutic levels; high-dose effects on embryo viability – Anwar WA et al., Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2014;274(1):1-7. PMID: 24530188 [9]
- • Organ toxicity: Reversible liver steatosis at extremely high doses (>1000 mg/kg); minimal renal lesions at standard doses – Boots AW et al., Br J Pharmacol. 2008;158(5):939-949. … [10]